Basic Scientific and Research Works

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Scientific and research works of the Agricultural Experimental Station of Cotton and Melon Growing are focused on the development of new and domestic competitive cotton varieties, study of agricultural technologies, soil modification, improvement of cotton crop rotation, and fertilizer application system.

During their activity the scientists of the Agricultural Experimental Station of Cotton and Melon Growing have developed a number of new works, in particular:

Intensive cotton managing technology is developed, taking into account soil and climatic conditions of various cotton-growing regions of Kazakhstan.

Cotton irrigation regimes are developed for sprinkler irrigation, furrow irrigation, technology of autumn-winter irrigation depending on soil salinity and groundwater depth.

The high efficiency of cotton and alfalfa irrigation is achieved (in the seeding year before the first cut) by irrigation using the sprinkler unit SDC-100 M (sprinkling double console unit - 100 m).

Highly efficient water-saving technology of cotton managing on the basis of in-depth study of all life factors influencing the formation of the crop was developed.

13 new varieties of domestic innovative medium staple cotton (7 of which are zoned: PА-3031, PА-3044, М-4005, М-4007, М-4011, Memory of Yeraliyev and М-5027) resistant to various stress factors increasing cotton yield by 5-6 t/ha were found. Cotton varieties were introduced into production, and occupy more than 89% of the total arable land in cotton seeds of the Republic.

Five new varieties of melons and 3 variety of cultivar of perennial grasses were found.

For large-scale farms 9 and 10 complete cotton-alfalfa crop rotation were developed under the scheme:

- 3: 6 (3 years for alfalfa and 6years for cotton);

- 3: 7 (3 years for alfalfa and 7 years for cotton);

 - 3: 4: 1: 2 (3 years for alfalfa: 4 years for cotton 1 year for crops: 2 years for cotton), economic effect of the application of various crop rotations schemes is 3.0 - 5.0 t/ha.

 3 effective short rotational schemes for small agroformation cotton crop rotation were developed:

 - 2: 1 (2 years for alfalfa + 1 year for cotton);

 - 1: 2 (1-year for grain-maize, agromeliorative field + 2 years for cotton);

 - 3: 3 (3 years for alfalfa + 3 years for cotton) that improve soil fertility and crop yield by 3.0 - 5.0 t/ha.

A new innovative moisture and resource saving technology for cotton managing was developed.

Methodical basis and model for determining the economic efficiency of cotton managing technology were developed in the Southern Kazakhstan.

For the first time a three-year scheme for the original cotton seed production and five-year scheme for elite seeds production and first reproduction were developed under the market economy conditions.

System of nitrogen, phosphate and potash fertilizers usage, depending on the crop rotation fields, limitations of land development and cultivation, water regime and soil salinity was developed and recommended for production.

Defoliant activity of various defoliants and their effect on new cotton varieties cultivated in different zones of the South Turkestan region was determined.

 Eight state standards were developed for cotton products:

 - ST RK Raw Cotton. Methods of sampling.

 - ST RK Raw Cotton. Method for moisture determination.

 - ST RK Raw Cotton. Method for contamination determination.

 - ST RK Raw Cotton. The method of determining the grade.

 - ST RK Raw Cotton Processing. Terms and Definitions.

 - ST RK Raw Cotton. Methods for Determining the Cotton Fiber Characteristics.

 - ST RK Cotton lint. Specifications.

- ST RK Raw Seed Cotton and Cotton Seeds. Methods of Sampling.

Technological Regulations Processing of Raw Cotton in the Cotton Fiber" were developed.

Instruction on the use of selection methods for the attribute correlation to stabilize agronomic characters of cotton growing lines.

Guide for elite sowing seed production and new cotton varieties reproductions was developed.

Technical Regulations for original, elite and cotton seeds production were developed.

All the works of the institute researchers are widely used by cotton agroformations of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

 

"Agricultural Experimental Station of Cotton and Melon Growing" LLP researches have published more than 115 books, monographs, recommendations, guidelines and collections of scientific works. They have published more than 1,500 articles in various media of Kazakhstan, Russia and foreign countries, including more than 40 scientific articles published in international journals with impact factor during last 3 years.

 

Agricultural Experimental Station of Cotton and Melon Growing received 218 Copyright Certificates and 62 Patents and Innovation Patents on selection achievement for domestic new cotton varieties, for the development of crop managing technologies and utility model patents.

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The results of scientific achievements (2021-2023).

The name of the program is targeted financing

"To develop a system of agriculture for the cultivation of agricultural crops (cereals, legumes, oilseeds and industrial crops) using elements of cultivation technology, differentiated nutrition, plant protection products and equipment for cost-effective production based on a comparative study of various cultivation technologies for the regions of Kazakhstan" IRN BR10764908

 

Name of the event: "Development and transfer of varietal agrotechnology of cotton cultivation Maktaaral – 4017, in the conditions of medium-saline irrigated lands of the Turkestan region"

The purpose of the research.

Development of varietal agrotechnology for growing the domestic cotton variety Maktaaral – 4017, using agro-reclamation soil treatment systems and biological fertilizers.

 

Main tasks:

 - to identify the reclamation role of laser planning and deep soil treatment on the dynamics of changes in the agrophysical and agrochemical properties of the soil;

 - to study the effect of biological fertilizers on the growth, development and yield of cotton against the background of soil agromelioration;

- to determine a comparative assessment of the economic efficiency of the use of intensive agro-reclamation methods of soil treatment and biological fertilizers.

 

The results obtained:

A varietal agrotechnology for growing cotton Maktaaral – 4017 has been developed in the conditions of medium-saline irrigated lands of the Turkestan region"

 

 

1. Research has been conducted on the cultivation of cotton Maktaaral – 4017, in the conditions of medium-saline irrigated lands of the Turkestan region.

2. Complex technology of soil agromelioration (deep loosening and laser layout), destroying the plow sole, improves the agrophysical and agrochemical conditions of the root zone of the plant, promotes deep penetration of the root system of plants, reduces soil salinity, saves irrigation water, promotes uniform soil moisture and seed germination, and also promotes the accumulation of organic substances in the soil and increases the yield of cotton. 2. It has been found that when using deep loosening in combination with laser soil planning, soil moisture increases. The indicators of soil moisture in the average meter 0-100 cm layer were 24.6% in spring and 21.1% in autumn, which is 15.8% - 21.3%.

3. It has been found that when using deep loosening in combination with laser soil planning, soil moisture increases. The indicators of soil moisture in the average meter-long 0-100 cm layer amounted to 24.6% in spring and 21.1% in autumn, which is 15.8% – 21.3% more compared to the control.

4. In gray-earth soil, the use of deep loosening to a depth of 55 cm and laser soil planning caused a decrease in the volume mass of the soil, the optimal density of soil composition in the spring in a layer of 0-30 cm was 1.30 g/cm3, which is 0.08 g/cm3 less than the option without the use of agro-reclamation measures.

5. It was determined that the process of increasing nutrients was higher against the background of deep loosening and laser soil planning compared with the control. Data on the content of mobile forms of NO3 and P2O5 were obtained, the highest content of mobile forms of nutrients in soil for NO3 in spring in a layer of 0-20 cm was 11.2 mg/kg and 5.4 mg/kg in autumn and for P2O5 in spring was 32.3 mg/kg and 19.1 mg/kg in autumn, respectively. That is, compared with traditional technology, it was found that the content of mobile NO3 is 25.0% higher in spring and 37.3% in autumn, and the content of mobile phosphorus P2O5 is 21.3% higher in spring and 30.3% in autumn.

6. High results in cotton yield were determined on cotton crops against the background of deep processing and laser soil planning, cotton yield was obtained in the range of 33.3 c/ha, this is 7.2 c/ha more than with traditional cotton cultivation technology.

According to the results of the study, 28 scientific articles and 7 articles in the media were published in just 3 years.

-8 (eight) scientific articles in a foreign scientific publication with a non-zero impact factor.

- 1 (one) the article is in the SCOPUS database.

- 13 (thirteen) scientific articles in the republican scientific publication.

- 6 (six) articles in Russian peer–reviewed scientific publications - COXON.

-7 (seven) articles in the media on cotton cultivation;

- patent "Method of growing cotton using soil agromelioration".

- 3 (three) practical seminars for agricultural producers were held.